1/23/2024 0 Comments Download Hetman Internet Spy 3.8GIP and GLP-1 are both secreted within minutes of food consumption and act through distinct receptors. Two incretin hormones are of particular interest: glucagon-like polypeptide (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, also known as gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). Incretin secretion results in an augmentation of insulin secretion over and above the response solely attributable to the rise in intravenous glucose concentration. Incretins are hormones secreted by the gut in response to oral nutrient intake. These are the GLP -1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. Two new classes of agents which target the incretin system have recently come into clinical use. 4 The choice of agents to improve blood glucose levels includes metformin, sulfonylureas, disaccharidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones and insulin. 2 While tight control of diabetes substantially decreases the risk of microvascular complications, 3 only 37% of patients currently reach the target hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c) of <7%, goal set by the American Diabetes Association. 2 The total number of people with diabetes is projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. 1 The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide from estimated 2.8% in 2000 to 4.4% in 2030. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disorder of blood glucose control owing to multiple metabolic abnormalities, including insufficient insulin secretion, impaired response of liver and peripheral tissues to insulin (insulin resistance), progressive loss of beta-cell function, disregulation of glucagon secretion and disturbed incretin hormone physiology.
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